Turkey, US won't join cluster bomb ban
Friday, May 30, 2008
Such munitions are still needed, says Turkish official
ÜMÝT ENGÝNSOY
WASHINGTON - Turkish Daily News
More than 100 countries, led by European Union nations, agreed Wednesday on the draft of a treaty to ban cluster munitions, but the United States, Turkey and a number of other major military powers are boycotting the deal.
The agreement, hammered out in Ireland's capital Dublin, had been under negotiation since February 2007, and has eventually garnered the backing of 111 countries, including some of the richest and some of the poorest. But in addition to Turkey and the United States, many others, including Russia, China, Israel, India, Pakistan and Brazil are not part of the accord.
Cluster munitions are canisters packed with many bomblets that spread over a large area when dropped from a plane or fired from the ground. The problem is that while the weapons are meant to explode on impact, they often do not. Civilians, particularly children, are often maimed or killed when they pick up unexploded bombs, sometimes years later.
The draft treaty would still leave most of the world's stockpile of cluster weapons untouched because of the dissenting military powers' opposition. But supporters of the ban say the agreement would reduce use even by non-signatory countries.
Turkey will not join the effort. "In a war against a legitimate enemy, cluster munitions remain to be the most effective weapons against area targets, and we've got a lot of these munitions in our stocks," said one Turkish official. "Unless you find a viable option to cluster munitions, you can't simply rule out their use."
Rather than fully banning these weapons, making them safer for civilians should be the real objective, said the official.
"Additional safety mechanisms could be used so that these munitions definitely explode on impact or destroy themselves shortly after hitting the ground," the official explained. "This would remove the danger for civilians."
"If you're Luxembourg and have no enemies, fine, such a ban is ideal for humanitarian purposes, but we're not living in an ideal world," said one Turkish defense analyst.
US strongly opposed:
U.S. officials said Washington would not join the process, which it though was "flawed."
"While the United States shares the humanitarian concerns of those in Dublin, cluster munitions have demonstrated military utility, and their elimination from U.S. stockpiles would put the lives of our soldiers and those of our coalition partners at risk," said a Pentagon spokesman Wednesday.
"The cluster munition represents a very effective weapon to attack area targets," said one senior State Department official recently. "The fact is that area targets – troops in the open, convoys, munition depots, mobile missile launchers – are going to be a feature of future warfare, at least a future war the United States has to prepare and plan for."
While other weapons "destroy infrastructure, roads, dams and bridges, the cluster munition does not do so," said the official. "So basically every combat element in the U.S. military, every aircraft, every warship, every brigade or combat team, every Marine unit afloat have cluster munitions."
The official added, "It's not just cluster munitions. It's AK-47s (Russian-made Kalashnikov submachine guns), it's landmines, it's everything... Don't carve out one specific weapon type to the exclusion of all others. Let's address it comprehensively and holistically."
U.S. officials also say that any international effort without the participation of the major producers and users of these weapons would not be successful.
What lies ahead?
The nations accepting the treaty are due to come together in Norway's capital Oslo in December to sign the pact, which would ban the use, production and sale of cluster munitions. The treaty would not be binding for non-signatory nations.
The Dublin draft treaty sets an eight-year deadline for participant countries to destroy most of their stockpiles of cluster weapons. It also calls for nations that adopt it to provide technical, financial or material assistance for clearing up cluster munitions' remnants that remain on the territory of other states.
Britain, the United States' closest ally, dropped its opposition to some provisions and joined the draft treaty, becoming the largest military power in the world supporting the proposed ban.
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